AZ-400 · Domain 1: Design and implement processes and communications · 13% of the exam
Task 1.1: Design and implement traceability and flow of work
Structuring the flow of work with GitHub Flow, feedback cycles through notifications and GitHub Issues, connecting GitHub projects, Azure Boards and repositories, and tracing source, bugs and quality back to work items.
Study it
Flow of work: GitHub Flow, GitHub Issues and projects, and Azure Boards
Lesson coming
Linking commits, pull requests, builds and bugs to work items
Lesson coming
Feedback cycles: notifications, GitHub Issues and service hooks
Lesson coming
Sample questions
Try each one before opening the answer. Every option is explained, with the Microsoft documentation page that proves it.
Question 1 · choose 1
A small team on GitHub deploys many times a day. It wants the simplest flow of work in which main is always deployable, every change gets a review and automated checks, and nobody maintains long-lived develop or release branches. Which flow should it adopt?
AA develop branch that collects features, merged into main through release branches at the end of each sprint
BDirect commits to main by every developer, with a nightly build that reports failures
CGitHub Flow, with a short-lived branch from main and a reviewed, checked pull request for each change
DA fork per developer, with changes collected in each fork for a quarterly merge
Show the answer and why
AA develop branch that collects features, merged into main through release branches at the end of each sprint
Incorrect
Long-lived develop and release branches are the overhead the team wants to avoid.
BDirect commits to main by every developer, with a nightly build that reports failures
Incorrect
Direct commits skip review and find failures only after they reach main.
CGitHub Flow, with a short-lived branch from main and a reviewed, checked pull request for each change
Correct
Every change starts from the default branch and returns to it through a reviewed pull request, keeping main deployable.
DA fork per developer, with changes collected in each fork for a quarterly merge
Incorrect
Quarterly merges create large, risky integrations instead of small reviewed changes.
In GitHub Flow, each feature, fix or experiment starts in a branch from the default branch, changes are discussed and checked in a pull request, and the branch is merged back, so the default branch stays ready to deploy.
Code is in GitHub and work is tracked in Azure Boards. A developer put "Fixes AB#412" in a pull request title that merged into a release branch. The work item shows no link and stayed Active. The team wants links on every PR and the item resolved automatically when the fix reaches main, the default branch. What should developers do?
AKeep the reference in the pull request title, and add the work item ID to the branch name as well
BPut "Fixes AB#412" in the pull request description and merge the pull request into main
CWrite "#412" in a pull request comment so that GitHub links the item
DUse "Closed AB#412" in the pull request title targeting the release branch
Show the answer and why
AKeep the reference in the pull request title, and add the work item ID to the branch name as well
Incorrect
AB# in a title doesn't create a link, and branch names don't transition work items.
BPut "Fixes AB#412" in the pull request description and merge the pull request into main
Correct
AB# links from a description, and fix keywords transition the item only when the pull request merges into the default branch.
CWrite "#412" in a pull request comment so that GitHub links the item
Incorrect
#412 refers to a GitHub issue, and comments don't create AB# links.
DUse "Closed AB#412" in the pull request title targeting the release branch
Incorrect
Titles don't link, and transitions don't apply to pull requests merged outside the default branch.
Add AB#{ID} to a commit message, pull request description or issue description to link a GitHub item to an Azure Boards work item; AB# in a comment or a pull request title doesn't create a link. Keywords such as fix, fixes and fixed transition the item, but only for pull requests merged into the default branch.
Auditors found pull requests into main of an Azure Repos repository that can't be traced to any requirement or bug. From now on, a pull request must not complete unless it's linked to at least one work item. What should you configure?
AA Check for linked work items policy set to Required on main
BA Check for comment resolution policy on main
CA pull request template that asks authors to mention a work item in the description
DA minimum number of reviewers policy with two required reviewers
Show the answer and why
AA Check for linked work items policy set to Required on main
Correct
Set to Required, the policy blocks pull requests that have no linked work items.
BA Check for comment resolution policy on main
Incorrect
Comment resolution checks that review comments are resolved, not that work items are linked.
CA pull request template that asks authors to mention a work item in the description
Incorrect
A template only suggests content; it doesn't stop completion.
DA minimum number of reviewers policy with two required reviewers
Incorrect
Reviewers approve code; they don't make a work item link mandatory.
The Check for linked work items branch policy requires work items to be linked to a pull request before it can merge. Linked work items give traceability from code to requirements and bugs.
A team practicing Scrum wants its backlog to hold Product Backlog Items and Bugs. Which default process should the project use?
AScrum
BBasic
CAgile
DCMMI (Capability Maturity Model Integration)
Show the answer and why
AScrum
Correct
Scrum tracks Product Backlog Items and Bugs.
BBasic
Incorrect
Basic tracks Epics, Issues and Tasks.
CAgile
Incorrect
Agile tracks User Stories.
DCMMI (Capability Maturity Model Integration)
Incorrect
CMMI tracks Requirements, Change Requests, Risks and Reviews.
The default processes are Basic (Epic, Issue, Task), Agile (User Stories), Scrum (Product Backlog Items and Bugs) and CMMI (Requirements, Change Requests, Risks and Reviews).
Items leave a team's Development column in very different states: some have tests, some don't. The team wants the exit criteria for that stage shown on the board itself. What should it add?
AA WIP limit on the Development column
BA new swimlane at the top of the board for items without tests
CA Definition of Done for the Development column
DA tag on every item that has tests
Show the answer and why
AA WIP limit on the Development column
Incorrect
A WIP limit caps how many items are in a column, not what done means.
BA new swimlane at the top of the board for items without tests
Incorrect
Swimlanes group cards; they don't state exit criteria.
CA Definition of Done for the Development column
Correct
A Definition of Done states the criteria for completing that stage and is shown on the column.
DA tag on every item that has tests
Incorrect
Tags label items after the fact; they don't define the standard.
A Definition of Done on a board column lists the criteria the team agrees must be met before work leaves that stage, so everyone shares the same standard.
A team wants GitHub pull requests to show a status check that confirms an Azure Boards work item is linked. Its Boards connection was made years ago with a personal access token. What should it change?
AAdd a webhook from GitHub to Azure Boards
BCreate a new PAT with more scopes
CAdd a GitHub Actions workflow that comments on every pull request
DConnect through the Azure Boards app for GitHub
Show the answer and why
AAdd a webhook from GitHub to Azure Boards
Incorrect
A webhook doesn't post status checks from Boards.
BCreate a new PAT with more scopes
Incorrect
The status check needs a GitHub App connection, not a broader token.
CAdd a GitHub Actions workflow that comments on every pull request
Incorrect
A comment isn't the Boards status check.
DConnect through the Azure Boards app for GitHub
Correct
Pull request status checks require a GitHub App connection.
The Azure Boards app for GitHub authenticates as the app rather than a person. Features such as pull request status checks require a GitHub App connection.
A team tracks GitHub issues in a GitHub project. Developers want a board by status, and the product manager wants a timeline of the same items by dates. What should the team do?
ACreate two projects with copies of the issues
BMove the issues to Azure Boards
CAdd a board view and a roadmap view to the same project
DUse labels named board and timeline
Show the answer and why
ACreate two projects with copies of the issues
Incorrect
Copies drift apart; one project can show several views.
BMove the issues to Azure Boards
Incorrect
Moving tools isn't needed for two layouts.
CAdd a board view and a roadmap view to the same project
Correct
Project views show the same items in different layouts, such as a board or a roadmap.
DUse labels named board and timeline
Incorrect
Labels categorize issues; they don't change the layout.
GitHub Projects can hold several views of the same items, with layouts such as table, board and roadmap, each with its own grouping, sorting and filtering.