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CCAR-F · Domain 1: Agentic Architecture & Orchestration · 27% of the exam

Task 1.6: Design task decomposition strategies for complex workflows

Fixed prompt chains for predictable multi-step work versus adaptive plans for open-ended investigations, and splitting large reviews into per-file passes plus an integration pass.

Study it

  • Model-driven tool choice versus fixed decision trees

    Partly covered by: Agents and Tools

  • Prompt chaining versus adaptive decomposition; per-file and integration passes

    Lesson coming

Sample questions

Try each one before opening the answer. Every option is explained, with the Anthropic documentation page that proves it.

Question 1 · choose 1

Your developer productivity team wants a weekly dependency report for 40 services. For each service the steps are always the same: list outdated packages, check their changelogs for breaking changes, and rate the upgrade risk; then one summary is written for all services. The report must be consistent week to week and cheap to run. Which design fits?

  1. AA coordinator that spawns research subagents to investigate each service in whatever way it judges best that week
  2. BOne prompt that contains all 40 services and asks for every step and the summary in a single response
  3. CA fixed prompt chain that runs the same steps per service, with checks between steps, then a summary
  4. DAn autonomous agent that decides each week which steps to run for each service based on what it finds
Show the answer and why
  • AA coordinator that spawns research subagents to investigate each service in whatever way it judges best that week

    Incorrect

    Dynamic multi-agent delegation suits open-ended research, not a repeatable checklist, and multiplies token use.

  • BOne prompt that contains all 40 services and asks for every step and the summary in a single response

    Incorrect

    Packing every service and step into one call dilutes attention and leaves no point to check intermediate output.

  • CA fixed prompt chain that runs the same steps per service, with checks between steps, then a summary

    Correct

    The steps are known in advance, so a fixed sequence of focused calls gives predictable, comparable output at the lowest cost.

  • DAn autonomous agent that decides each week which steps to run for each service based on what it finds

    Incorrect

    Open-ended planning adds cost and variation to a task whose steps never change.

Choose prompt chaining when a task breaks into fixed, predictable subtasks, and keep dynamic decomposition for open-ended investigations whose next step depends on what was found.

Question 2 · choose 2

An engineer asks your developer productivity agent to "add comprehensive tests to our legacy billing codebase." The code has few tests, unclear module boundaries, and dependencies that are not documented. Which TWO steps make the agent's decomposition of this task effective? (Choose TWO.)

  1. AFix the complete test plan before writing anything and do not change it, so the work stays predictable
  2. BMap the structure first: entry points, modules, existing tests and how the pieces depend on each other
  3. CRequire full line coverage of each file before the agent moves on to the next one
  4. DRank areas by impact and risk, then work through a prioritized plan that is revised as new dependencies turn up
  5. EWrite tests file by file in alphabetical order so that progress is easy to track
Show the answer and why
  • AFix the complete test plan before writing anything and do not change it, so the work stays predictable

    Incorrect

    A frozen plan cannot absorb the dependencies the investigation will uncover in undocumented code.

  • BMap the structure first: entry points, modules, existing tests and how the pieces depend on each other

    Correct

    An open-ended task starts with discovery, because the right subtasks depend on what the codebase actually contains.

  • CRequire full line coverage of each file before the agent moves on to the next one

    Incorrect

    A uniform coverage target per file spends time on trivial code and delays the high-risk areas.

  • DRank areas by impact and risk, then work through a prioritized plan that is revised as new dependencies turn up

    Correct

    An adaptive plan focuses effort where tests matter most and changes as the investigation reveals more.

  • EWrite tests file by file in alphabetical order so that progress is easy to track

    Incorrect

    An order that ignores impact spends effort on low-value files and does not adapt to what is found.

For open-ended work, decompose adaptively: explore the structure, find the high-impact areas, and plan in priority order, adjusting the plan as each step reveals more.

Question 3 · choose 1

Your agent is asked to "modernize the logging layer," and its first plan is one giant subtask: "rewrite logging everywhere." Failures are hard to pin down and nothing can be checked until the end. The team wants problems caught early and a working logging layer between steps. How should the work be decomposed?

  1. AInto one subtask per file, all run in parallel and merged at the end
  2. BInto subtasks that can each be verified before the next begins
  3. CInto phases by layer, such as interfaces, call sites and tests, checked once all phases finish
  4. DInto subtasks sized to fit one context window each
Show the answer and why
  • AInto one subtask per file, all run in parallel and merged at the end

    Incorrect

    Nothing is verified until the merge, which is exactly when failures are hardest to pin down.

  • BInto subtasks that can each be verified before the next begins

    Correct

    Checkable steps localize failures, keep the system working between steps and let the plan adapt.

  • CInto phases by layer, such as interfaces, call sites and tests, checked once all phases finish

    Incorrect

    A single check at the end still leaves every failure to be found at once.

  • DInto subtasks sized to fit one context window each

    Incorrect

    Size decides what fits in context, not whether each step can be checked.

Decompose large changes into steps that each produce something you can check. Programmatic checks between steps keep the process on track and show where a failure came from.

Question 4 · choose 1

An offline job writes release announcements: outline, check the outline against the product facts, then write the text. Someone proposes one combined call to cut latency. Quality matters far more than speed for this job. What is the tradeoff?

  1. AOne call is always more accurate because it sees everything at once
  2. BThe chain is cheaper and faster than one call
  3. CThere is no tradeoff; both designs give the same quality
  4. DThe chain is slower but easier per step, with a check in between
Show the answer and why
  • AOne call is always more accurate because it sees everything at once

    Incorrect

    Combining steps removes the gate that catches errors.

  • BThe chain is cheaper and faster than one call

    Incorrect

    More calls usually mean more latency, not less.

  • CThere is no tradeoff; both designs give the same quality

    Incorrect

    Splitting a task into easier steps generally improves quality.

  • DThe chain is slower but easier per step, with a check in between

    Correct

    Prompt chaining trades latency for accuracy by making each step simpler and gated.

Prompt chaining makes each call an easier task and allows checks between steps, at the cost of latency. It fits offline jobs where quality comes first.

Question 5 · choose 1

Your agent is upgrading a framework across 30 internal packages that depend on each other. Its first plan upgrades them alphabetically, and half the steps fail because their dependencies have not been upgraded yet. How should the plan be ordered?

  1. AMost-used packages first, so that the biggest impact lands early
  2. BIn the order the owning teams asked for the upgrade
  3. CBy the dependency graph, prerequisites first
  4. DIn parallel batches of five, retrying failed packages until they pass
Show the answer and why
  • AMost-used packages first, so that the biggest impact lands early

    Incorrect

    Usage ignores which packages need others to be done first, so the same failures recur.

  • BIn the order the owning teams asked for the upgrade

    Incorrect

    Request order is unrelated to the dependencies that are causing the failures.

  • CBy the dependency graph, prerequisites first

    Correct

    Ordering by dependencies means each step builds on finished prerequisites.

  • DIn parallel batches of five, retrying failed packages until they pass

    Incorrect

    Retries cannot pass while a package's dependencies are still on the old version.

When subtasks depend on each other, the plan must respect the dependency order. Work out which packages need which, then upgrade prerequisites before the packages that need them.

Question 6 · choose 1

An autonomous agent will run a multi-hour cleanup of a shared configuration repository. Mistakes compound, and the team wants to steer without watching every step. What should the agent design include?

  1. ANo interruptions, so that the agent finishes as fast as possible
  2. BA human approval for every single tool call
  3. CA fixed script instead of an agent, written in advance
  4. DCheckpoints where it pauses for human review
Show the answer and why
  • ANo interruptions, so that the agent finishes as fast as possible

    Incorrect

    Unchecked long runs let early mistakes spread.

  • BA human approval for every single tool call

    Incorrect

    Approving every call removes the benefit of autonomy.

  • CA fixed script instead of an agent, written in advance

    Incorrect

    A cleanup whose steps depend on findings cannot be scripted fully.

  • DCheckpoints where it pauses for human review

    Correct

    Agents can pause for human feedback at checkpoints or blockers, which limits compounding errors.

For long autonomous runs, build in human checkpoints at milestones or blockers, along with appropriate guardrails.

Question 7 · choose 1

A 300-page product manual is translated in 30 parallel chunks. Each chunk translates the same product terms differently, so the result reads inconsistently. What should each chunk's request include?

  1. AA request to "be consistent with the other chunks"
  2. BNothing extra; fix inconsistencies by hand afterwards
  3. CA shared glossary of approved term translations
  4. DThe full translations of all other chunks
Show the answer and why
  • AA request to "be consistent with the other chunks"

    Incorrect

    A chunk cannot see the others, so the instruction cannot be followed.

  • BNothing extra; fix inconsistencies by hand afterwards

    Incorrect

    Manual cleanup across 300 pages is the cost to avoid.

  • CA shared glossary of approved term translations

    Correct

    Common context passed to every section keeps independently processed parts consistent.

  • DThe full translations of all other chunks

    Incorrect

    Other chunks are not finished yet, and their text would flood each request.

When work is split into sections processed separately, give every section the shared context it needs, such as a glossary, so the results fit together.

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