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Generative AI Engineer Associate · Domain 2: Data Preparation · 14% of the exam

Task 2.4: Use tools and metrics to evaluate retrieval performance; Explain the role of re-ranking in the information retrieval process

Recall@k and precision@k, retrieval judges, hybrid search and filters, and what the AI Search reranker adds in quality and latency.

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Sample questions

Try each one before opening the answer. Every option is explained, with the Databricks documentation page that proves it.

Question 1 · choose 1

A team wants to try hybrid search and the reranker on its AI Search index. It has no labeled query-answer pairs and no time to build a large golden set. Following the AI Search retrieval quality guide, how should it proceed?

  1. ABuild a small synthetic eval set and compare relative gains
  2. BHold off on any tuning until a large labeled golden dataset exists
  3. CTurn on both features and judge them from a few manual test queries
  4. DCompare the index's absolute scores with a published industry benchmark
Show the answer and why
  • ABuild a small synthetic eval set and compare relative gains

    Correct

    The guide asks for some automated measurement first; even a small synthetic set shows whether a technique helps, and relative improvements matter more than absolute scores.

  • BHold off on any tuning until a large labeled golden dataset exists

    Incorrect

    Perfect data is not required; a golden set is one option next to synthetic sets and ground-truth-free judges.

  • CTurn on both features and judge them from a few manual test queries

    Incorrect

    Without a reproducible evaluation, optimizing is guesswork, and a handful of manual checks is not a measurement.

  • DCompare the index's absolute scores with a published industry benchmark

    Incorrect

    Scores on other data say little about this index; the guide focuses on relative improvements between strategies on your own data.

Before optimizing retrieval, establish an automated evaluation: an existing golden dataset, a synthetic set generated from the documents, or ground-truth-free judges. Then test each technique against it.

Question 2 · choose 1

Two applications share an AI Search index and both rank poorly: a RAG agent at about 3 QPS with a 2-second time-to-first-token target, and a product search box at 150 QPS that must answer in under 100 ms. Which reranking plan fits both?

  1. AUse the built-in reranker for both applications, with the same columns_to_rerank for each
  2. BBuilt-in reranker for the agent; a light cross-encoder on Model Serving for search
  3. CUse the built-in reranker for the search box, and raise num_results for the RAG agent
  4. DSkip reranking and switch both applications to full-text queries
Show the answer and why
  • AUse the built-in reranker for both applications, with the same columns_to_rerank for each

    Incorrect

    The built-in reranker handles about 5 QPS out of the box and typically takes hundreds of milliseconds, which breaks the search box's limits.

  • BBuilt-in reranker for the agent; a light cross-encoder on Model Serving for search

    Correct

    The built-in reranker suits low-QPS RAG agents where generation dominates latency; sub-100 ms, high-QPS search needs a faster reranker served as a custom model.

  • CUse the built-in reranker for the search box, and raise num_results for the RAG agent

    Incorrect

    This puts the slower reranker on the latency-critical path and gives the agent more noise instead of better ordering.

  • DSkip reranking and switch both applications to full-text queries

    Incorrect

    Full-text search matches exact terms; it does not reorder semantically relevant results and is not a reranker.

The AI Search reranker improves quality (roughly 10 to 15 percent) at a latency cost, which suits RAG agents and low-to-moderate QPS. For search bars that need under 100 ms, Databricks suggests a lightweight reranking model on Model Serving.

Question 3 · choose 1

A reranked query passes columns_to_rerank=["disclaimer", "text", "summary"], and the long legal disclaimer seems to crowd out the useful text. Why?

  1. AOnly the last column is reranked
  2. BColumns are read in order, up to 2,000 characters
  3. CThe reranker ignores metadata columns
  4. DHybrid queries cannot use rerank columns, only ANN queries can
Show the answer and why
  • AOnly the last column is reranked

    Incorrect

    All listed columns are used, in order, up to the character limit.

  • BColumns are read in order, up to 2,000 characters

    Correct

    The reranker takes the columns in the listed order and considers only the first 2,000 characters it finds.

  • CThe reranker ignores metadata columns

    Incorrect

    Metadata columns are exactly what columns_to_rerank supplies.

  • DHybrid queries cannot use rerank columns, only ANN queries can

    Incorrect

    The reranker can run on hybrid query results.

When using the AI Search reranker, set the returned columns and the rerank columns separately; list the most informative columns first.

Question 4 · choose 1

An engineer wants to know how many milliseconds the reranking step adds to each AI Search query. What should the query include?

  1. Anum_results above 1,000
  2. Bquery_type set to FULL_TEXT
  3. Cdebug_level of at least 1
  4. DA filter on reranker_time
Show the answer and why
  • Anum_results above 1,000

    Incorrect

    Large result counts trigger pagination, not timing details.

  • Bquery_type set to FULL_TEXT

    Incorrect

    The query type does not add timing information.

  • Cdebug_level of at least 1

    Correct

    With debug_level of at least 1, the debug info includes reranker_time alongside response and ANN times.

  • DA filter on reranker_time

    Incorrect

    reranker_time is a debug field, not an index column to filter on.

The query debug message reports response_time, ann_time and reranker_time, so the reranking step's share of each query's latency can be read directly.

Question 5 · choose 1

During an incident, AI Search queries that use the reranker still return results, with a RERANKER_TEMPORARILY_UNAVAILABLE warning in the debug info. What does this mean for those results?

  1. AThey were returned without reranking
  2. BThey are empty placeholders for the hits
  3. CThey came from a cached earlier response
  4. DThey were reranked twice by a fallback
Show the answer and why
  • AThey were returned without reranking

    Correct

    When the reranker call fails, the results returned have not been processed by the reranker.

  • BThey are empty placeholders for the hits

    Incorrect

    Results are returned; only the reranking step was skipped.

  • CThey came from a cached earlier response

    Incorrect

    The warning does not refer to caching.

  • DThey were reranked twice by a fallback

    Incorrect

    The warning means reranking did not run at all.

AI Search degrades gracefully: the retrieval results are returned without reranking, and the debug message carries the warning so applications can log or retry later.

Question 6 · choose 1

How does AI Search combine the similarity and keyword results in a hybrid query?

  1. ABy keeping only the keyword list
  2. BBy averaging embedding vectors
  3. CBy a mandatory cross-encoder
  4. DReciprocal Rank Fusion
Show the answer and why
  • ABy keeping only the keyword list

    Incorrect

    Both lists contribute to the final ranking.

  • BBy averaging embedding vectors

    Incorrect

    Vectors are not averaged; rankings are fused.

  • CBy a mandatory cross-encoder

    Incorrect

    A reranker is optional and separate from hybrid fusion.

  • DReciprocal Rank Fusion

    Correct

    Hybrid search merges the ANN and keyword result lists with Reciprocal Rank Fusion.

AI Search hybrid search runs vector similarity and BM25 keyword search and combines them with RRF, with rrf_param set to 60.

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