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BytePatterns

Database Replication

System Design: lesson 7 of 15

One writer, many readers, a small delay.

Lesson 7 of 15 · 6 min

Database Replication

Step 1 of 12

Replication keeps extra copies in step. One writer, many readers, and a small delay.

The Idea

Replication keeps extra copies of a database in step. Writes land on the primary, which streams its changes to replicas, and reads can be served from any copy. That multiplies read capacity and gives you a standby to promote when the primary dies. It does not multiply write capacity.

Real-World Example

A land registry keeps the authoritative ledger in the capital and read-only copies in county offices. Checking a title locally takes minutes. A deed registered this morning may not appear in your county until the day's changes have travelled up the road.

The Tradeoff

Asynchronous replication is fast but lets a user read their own write and see the old value. Synchronous replication removes that and makes every write wait for an acknowledgement. Failover while a replica is behind can lose committed transactions, so decide up front which reads are allowed to be stale.

Your turn

Put the steps in the right order.

  1. The replica applies the change to its own copy
  2. A write is committed on the primary
  3. Read queries are routed to whichever replica is free
  4. The change is streamed out to each replica

Mini quiz

1 / 3

Read replicas do not help with: